BENUE JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm
BJM is a double blinded, peer-reviewed, Online and Print Scholarly JournalCprint Publishes on behalf of Benue State Branch of the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA).en-USBENUE JOURNAL OF MEDICINESitus Inversus Totalis in a Middle Aged Man
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/8
<p>Situs inversus totalis is a rare anomaly in adult. This entity is important clinically because of the possibility of misdiagnosis that could ensue from the abnormally rotated viscera hence; diagnostic conundrum in some situations. A middle-aged man presented with features consistent with large bowel obstruction. Radiological investigations were in keeping with sigmoid volvulus. Patient had laparotomy with finding of mal-rotated abdominal viscera, and had volvulus treated accordingly. The occurrence of such a rare pathology should be borne in mind. Patient and relatives should also be well informed about this peculiarity.</p>A AdejumoS AkimsE ItojeO Imoh
Copyright (c) 2022 A Adejumo, S Akims, E Itoje, O Imoh
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2022-04-092022-04-0911353710.5281/zenodo.6350160Reporting a Rare Case of Complete Migration of Copper T 380a and its Laparoscopic Retrieval
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/12
<p>This was a case of migration of Intrauterine Contraceptive Device (Copper T 380A), into the peritoneal cavity, which was diagnosed following complaints of missing string in the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital. An X-Ray confirmed the missing IUCD placement in the pelvis. It was retrieved from the pelvis by laparoscopic approach. The importance of regular follow-up post insertion of IUCD so as to allow for early diagnosis of a missing IUCD and its possible migration was highlighted here. The complications following the migration of an IUCD were also discussed.</p>BH NongoAD IsahTE Agida
Copyright (c) 2022 BH Nongo, AD Isah, TE Agida
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2022-04-092022-04-0911394410.5281/zenodo.6393247Clinico-Pathological Presentation and Management Outcome of Thyroid Diseases at a Tertiary Medical Centre in North-central Nigeria
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/7
<p>Thyroid diseases are endemic in our environment. These could be benign or malignant in nature. Management of thyroid diseases is multidisciplinary with attendant complications observed with operative treatment. This study looked at the spectrum and appraises the management of thyroid diseases encountered at the study centre. This is a 6-year retrospective descriptive study that looked at the various forms of thyroid diseases that were managed at FMC Keffi from January 2015 to December 2020. Patients' pathological details were retrieved from the histopathology Departmental records as well as patients' folders covering the said period. Data obtained was analysed with Epi Info statistical package version 3.5.1. A total of 116 patients were reviewed out of which 79 (68.1%) patients had operative treatment. Their ages ranged between 18-72 years (mean age 33.5±3.01years). A hundred and seven (92.2%) were females while 9 (7.8%) were males with M:F of 1: 12. Benign thyroid diseases were common 89(76.7%) with non-toxic goiters accounting for more than two-thirds 51 (57.3%) while the rest were toxic 38 (42.7%)). Papillary thyroid carcinoma was the commonest malignant variant 13(48.2%) followed by follicular 7(25.9%), anaplastic 5(18.5%) and medullary 2(7.4%) variants. Total thyroidectomy was the most common procedure carried out on the patients 42 (53.2%) followed by sub-total thyroidectomy 22(27.9%). Complications encountered included dysphonia 11 (13.9%), respiratory distress from deep space haematoma 5(6.3%), recurrent laryngeal nerve injury 6 (7.6%), and hypocalcaemia 3 (3.8%). Thyroid diseases are common encounters with variations in pathology. Papillary thyroid cancer was found predominant among differentiated thyroid cancers. Recurrent laryneal nerve injury is a recognized complication that may ensue especially in inflammatory, recurrent or toxic goitres. A better approach to a successful management of thyroid diseases is multidisciplinary with adequate understanding of the anatomy, pathology and possible operative outcomes.</p>A AdejumoOO AkambiS AkimsO KoroyeU NnadozieE ItojeI OnyemaechiP Omoregie
Copyright (c) 2022 A Adejumo, OO Akambi, S Akims, O Koroye, U Nnadozie, E Itoje, I Onyemaechi, P Omoregie
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2022-04-082022-04-08111610.5281/zenodo.6350152Burnout Syndrome and Associated Substance use amongst Undergraduates of a Tertiary Institution in Northern Nigeria
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/4
<p>Studies show that academic burnout among undergraduates is highly prevalent and is a major aspect of students' mental health. Studies have also shown high prevalence of substance abuse among undergraduates however, few studies have explored the relationship between burnout and substance use among undergraduate students. An analysis of this will give more insight into this relationship and possible clearer perspective on intervention measures. The study was carried out among 933 undergraduates of BUK in the faculty of Education, Law and Medicine, using a descriptive cross sectional design. Study instruments consisted of a socio-demographic questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory-students' survey (MBI-SS), Cage Drugs Questionnaire. Results revealed a high prevalence of burnout: 16.4%, 24.7% and 20.8% for Emotional Exhaustion, Cynicism and reduced Academic Efficacy respectively. Medicine students had higher burnout for Emotional Exhaustion, though not statistically significant (p=0.521). Education students had the highest burnout on the Cynicism subscale (35.6%), followed by Medicine (20.4%), (p<0.001). On the Academic Efficacy Subscale students from Medicine reported the highest burnout (30.4%) and law being the least (5.1%), p<0.001. Burnout increased among non-drug users compared to drug users. Burnout is highly prevalent among undergraduates. Overall law students were the least burnout. Non-drug users had more burnout compared to drug users. The need for the establishment of School Mental Health Programs for early detection and management of burnout, drug use and maladaptive coping behaviours among undergraduates is emphasized and encouraged.</p>OI Obekpa MA AmeduO UdofiaCO Okaro IA Audu
Copyright (c) 2022 OI Obekpa , MA Amedu, O Udofia, CO Okaro, IA Audu
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2022-04-092022-04-091171410.5281/zenodo.6466135Relationship between Cost of Treatment of Schizophrenia and Caregiver Burden in Northern Nigeria
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/5
<p>Schizophrenia is a costly illness exacting its toll not only on the affected victims but also on the caregivers as well. Studies on cost of treatment (COT) of schizophrenia in Sub-Saharan Africa are few, and even fewer are studies that sought to assess the relationship between the cost of care and its relationship to the burden of care among caregivers. A total of 270 patients with schizophrenia comprising 90 patients receiving acute phase treatment, 180 receiving maintenance care, and 165 caregivers participated in this study from a tertiary institution in Northern Nigeria. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview Plus was used to make diagnosis of schizophrenia among patients, and anxiety disorder and depression among caregivers; a modified cost of illness questionnaire to estimate the COT; and the Zarit Burden Questionnaire to assess the level of burden among caregivers. Findings revealed mean age of participants to be 33.04 years (SD±9.743). Majority were singles (45.6%) and of low socioeconomic status (SES) (88.5%). COT had a statistically significant relationship with participants' illness presentation, SES, Zarit Burden Score and Length of Caregiving. Mean monthly estimate of direct cost of treatment per patient was N25,398.19 ($133.67) for acute patients and N3087.21 ($16.25) for stable patient. Regression analysis showed length of caregiving and SES as predictors of direct COT. COT was intricately linked to burden of care and length of caregiving. Out-of-pocket payment predominated. Government intervention in subsidizing COT will help reduce the burden of care, the frequency of relapse and the complications of prolonged non-treatment.</p>MA AmeduOI Obekpa IA Audu CO Okaro
Copyright (c) 2022 MA Amedu, OI Obekpa, IA Audu , CO Okaro
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2022-04-092022-04-0911152410.5281/zenodo.6371239Predictors of Blood Pressure Control at a General Out-Patient Clinic of a Tertiary Hospital, in North Central of Nigeria
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/13
<p>Though antihypertensives lower blood pressure and reduce cardiovascular complications, blood pressure control is still a challenge globally. This implies that there are multiple factors, apart from medications, that can predict blood pressure control. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of blood pressure control in order to improve on the management of hypertension in healthcare settings. The study was a cross-sectional study of adult hypertensive patients attending the General Out-patient Clinic (GOPC) of Federal Medical Centre Makurdi. Using a systematic sampling technique, 304 patients were recruited for the study. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, perceived family support, medication adherence, anthropometric and blood pressure measurement. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 20. Chi square test was used to determine the relationship between categorical variables; multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent predictors of blood pressure control. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. One hundred and fifty (49.3%) participants had controlled blood pressure. The independent predictors of controlled blood pressure were age ≥50 years, tertiary level of education, high monthly income, hypertension with absence of co-morbidity, perceived family support, adherence to medication, normal Body Mass Index (BMI) and normal Waist-Hip-Ratio (WHR). Respondents within the age group 50 years and above, with tertiary level of education, earning higher monthly income with absence of co-morbidity are more likely to achieve blood pressure control. Those with strong family support that encourages adherence to antihypertensive medications and have normal BMI and WHR are also more likely to achieve blood pressure control. </p>DA DanielNA AkwarasMN Ocheifa
Copyright (c) 2022 DA Daniel, NA Akwaras, MN Ocheifa
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2022-04-092022-04-0911253410.5281/zenodo.6371384Phytochemical Studies and Antibiofilm Activity of Annona Senegalensis Plant Extracts against Three Diarrhoeagenic Bacteria
https://bjm.com.ng/index.php/bjm/article/view/18
<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the stem and root extracts of <em>Annona senegalensis</em> for phytochemical analysis and determine the antibiofilm activity against <em>Salmonella typhimurium</em>, <em>Shigella flexneri</em> and <em>Escherichia coli.</em> Collection of plant and bacterial stock samples followed standard practices. Plant stem and roots extracts were prepared using aqueous and methanolic methods of cold maceration and tested for the presence of various phytochemicals. A quantitative assessment of active ingredients was carried out using spectrophotometric method. Stock samples of bacteria were sub-cultured on nutrient agar and the isolates were subjected to confirmatory tests using cultural, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics. Qualitative and quantitative biofilm assays were carried out using the tube method. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential methods on the Minitab software. While confidence limit was set at 95% level. Results of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of all phytochemicals tested in the methanolic root and stem extracts. Methanolic root had the highest amount of saponin (1.57%), terpenoid (3.39%) and flavonoid (3.44%). Aqueous stem had the highest amount of phenol (4.30%), steroid (4.71%) and cardiac glycoside (1.9%) while aqueous root had the highest amount of tannin (1.29%) and alkaloid (1.12%). The phytochemicals had significantly varied quantity in the plant (F = 6.60, (P<0.05) but the extract types used had similar effect. The root had the highest percentage distribution of phytochemicals (26%) regardless of the extraction method used followed by the aqueous stem (25%) and methanolic stem (23%). Among the phytochemicals, the mean quantity of phenol was the highest (3.845) followed by steroid (3.1%) and terpenoid (2.58%). Biofilm formation was moderate in <em>S. typhimurium</em> (++) but weak in the other two (+). Result of biofilm inhabitation assay of <em>A. senegalensis</em> plant showed that methanolic extracts (stem and root) performed better than the aqueous method, as low as 12.5mg/ml in <em>S, flexneri</em>. Results have proven the potentials of the plant stem and root as a possible remedy for gastro-intestinal diseases and diarrhoea due to the presence of all basic active ingredients that were earlier reported to have antibacterial effects and due to the antibiofilm activities of the methanolic extracts..</p>D YandevI OgbonnaT OrhiiA Adie
Copyright (c) 2022 D Yandev, I Ogbonna, T Orhii, A Adie
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2022-06-272022-06-2711354210.5281/zenodo.6617188